These hidden attributes change when you swap two parases. Analogy, imagine these properties are colors. Start with two reddish-spoken pieces, one is red inside and the other is blue inside. When they swap positions instead of retaining these colors, they both change in a corresponding way, which is mathematical provision for a particular model. Maybe swaps will make them green and yellow. This quickly becomes a complex game where the sidewalks influence each other in an invisible way as they move around.
At the same time, Mueller is also busy reconsidering the DHR theorem. “It’s not always super transparent because it’s a very complex mathematical framework,” he said.
His team has taken new ways to solve the paraparticle problem. Researchers believe that quantum systems can exist immediately in multiple possible states, which is called superposition. They imagine switching between the views of observers who exist these super states, each with a slightly different description. If the two particles really cannot distinguish, they think it doesn’t matter whether the particles are replaced with one branch of the superposition instead of the other branch.
“Maybe if the particles are nearby, I swap them, but if they are far away, I do nothing,” Mueller said. “If they both superimpose, then I swap in one branch and not in the other.” There should be no difference whether the observer across branches labels the two particles in the same way.
In the context of superposition, this stricter definition of indistinguishability imposes new restrictions on the types of particles that may exist. When these hypotheses were true, researchers found that parasitol was impossible. Just like the basic particles that physicists expect, for a particle to be truly indistinguishable, it must be a boson or a fermion.
Although Wang and Hazzard published the paper first, it seems they saw Müller’s limitations. Their paraparticles are possible because their model rejects Mueller’s starting assumption that these particles are indistinguishable in a complete sense in the context of quantum superposition. This has consequences. Although exchanging two adverb cells has no effect on a person’s measurement, by sharing data with each other, the two observers can determine whether paraseptics have been swapped. This is because exchanging parasitols can change the relationship between two people’s measurement methods. In this sense, they can separate two factions.
This means that new substances have potential. Bosons can fill countless particles into the same state, while fermions cannot share one state at all, and the parathelium eventually reaches somewhere in the middle. They can only pack a few particles into the same state before they become crowded and force others into a new state. Exactly how much can be squeezed together depends on the details of the two particles – the theoretical framework can achieve endless choices.
“I found their papers really interesting, and there was absolutely no contradiction in our work,” Mueller said.
The road to reality
If parathora is present, they are likely to be emerging particles, called quasi-particles, which show as energy vibrations in certain quantum materials.
“We may get exotic phase models that were previously difficult to understand,” said Meng Cheng, a physicist at Yale University.
Penn State experimental physicist Bryce Gadway, who sometimes works with Hazzard, is optimistic that paraparparpicles will be implemented in the lab in the next few years. These experiments will use rydberg atoms, which are fully charged with electrons far from their nucleus. This separation of positive and negative charges makes Rydberg atoms particularly sensitive to electric fields. You can build a quantum computer through interactive Rydberg atoms. They are also ideal candidates for creating paraparpictictics.
“For some Rydberg quantum simulator, that’s just a natural thing for them,” Gadway said of creating the paraparparpicticle. “You just need to prepare them and watch them develop.”
But for now, the third particle kingdom is still completely theoretical.
“Averparticles may become important,” said Wilczek, Nobel Prize physicist and inventor. “But at the moment they are basically a theoretical curiosity.”
ability Reprinted under the permission of Quanta Magazine, an editorially independent publication Simmons Foundation Its mission is to enhance public understanding of science by covering research developments and trends in mathematics and physics and life sciences.
